A gerund is a verb form ending in ing that is used as a noun. An infinitive phrase is a verb phrase constructed with the verb in infinitive form. Begin and start can be followed by gerund or infinitive structures usually with no real difference of meaning. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. Dec 03, 20 the english gerund ends in ing as in i enjoy playing basket in latin and english grammar, the gerund is a nonfinite verb form that can function as a noun. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and another word or other words. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. In such expressions, use a gerund, not an infinitive, after. Agerundphrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has.
The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished. Some examples of infinitive phrases in english are given below these may be based on either the full infinitive introduced by the particle to or the bare infinitive without the particle to. A gerund is a verbal ending in ing that is used as a noun. Gerunds and gerund phrases 8th grade english clauses and verbals unit who has my subject. Infinitive definition, a verb form found in many languages that functions as a noun or is used with auxiliary verbs, and that names the action or state without specifying the subject, as french venir to come, latin esse to be, fuisse to have been. Practice 1 gerunds a gerund is a form of a verb that acts as a noun. Because an infinitive is not a verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the end.
Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition. Underline the gerund phrases in the sentences below. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. The gerund phrase is the direct object of the verb hates. Gerund and infinitive phrases gerunds and infinitives are both verbals. Choose from 500 different sets of gerunds list phrases flashcards on quizlet. Underline the gerund or gerund phrase in each sentence. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers and or objects. Like a regular gerund, a gerund phrase always functions as a noun, and can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, or predicate nominative in a sentence. Each one starts with a gerund and includes modifiers. Complete the sentences with the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses. Riding a camel is a gerund phrase acting as a subject in the sentence.
Milking the farmers cows is a gerund phrase acting as a direct object in the sentence. To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp all of these are infinitives. Underline the gerund or gerund phrases in the sentences below. Gerund phrases generally end at the next punctuation mark, the next verb, or the direct object. A whole gerund phrase functions in a sentence just like a noun, and can act as a subject, an object, or a predicate nominative. However, it is more common to use the gerund if we are talking about the beginning of a long or habitual activity, but this form is not used after a progressive form of begin or start.
Apr 06, 2020 in the study of english grammar, the terms gerund and gerund phrase are some things youll need to know about if you want to master the language. Gerunds in the previous lesson, you learned that a present or past participle may be used as an adjective. The gerund phrase recognize a gerund phrase when you see one. Gerund tips can not be removed from sentences sentence wont make sense without them.
The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. A gerund is a verb that ends in ing, whereas a gerund phrase is the same thing but with modifiers or complements added in. The function of gerund phrases like all nouns, a gerund phrase can function as a subject, an object, or a complement within a sentence. As with appositive phrases, participial phrases can occur anywhere in a sentence. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus ing a present participle.
Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. Regret with the infinitive is used to give bad news in a formal, polite way. Using verb forms as subjects when functioning as the subject of a sentence, gerunds and infinitives always use a singular verb. The gerund phrase the gerund phrase consists of the gerund, which always ends in ing, and its modifiers and complements. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. Gerund and infinitive worksheet in this printable worksheet, the rules for using gerunds and infinitives will be explained in detail.
Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence. Like other nouns, gerunds or gerund phrases are used as predicate nominafives. I know people who are obsessed with eating all the time.
We regret to inform you the interview is cancelled. Find a parking space is quite difficult in this area. Here, the gerund phrase is the subject of the verb is. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. More specifically, a gerund is an action word verb that is acting as a noun. Exercise on gerund used as a subject english grammar. For example, climbing is a gerund while climbing a tree is a gerund phrase. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech, usually a noun. First, a gerund phrase begins with a gerundof course. Gerunds are used after prepositions, but not usually after to. This consists of the verb together with its objects and other complements and modifiers. Verbals 1gerund or participle gordon state college. In this bundle, you will have access to an introductory powerpoint in ppt and pdf forms that covers what gerunds are, what gerund phrases are, what characteristics they have, and what the 6 functions of gerunds can be.
An infinitive will almost always begin with to followed by the simple form of the verb, like this. Gerunds and infinitives lets read the following passage, then underine the verbs that end in ing and those with to important decisions or be anyones boss. The italicized texts in the above examples are the gerund phrases. The gerund looks identical to the present participle, which is used after the auxiliary verb to be, but are not the same as they do not function as. The other words in a gerund phrase may be modifiers, such as prepositional phrases, objects, etc.
Planning can make the difference between a good and a bad trip. Gerunds are formed when an ing ending is added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of to plus a verb. Gerund and infinitive phrases university of texas at dallas. Words with a different meaning word infinitive meaning gerund meaning forget remember. A gerund phrase is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. The explanation will be followed by two practice activities with these grammar forms. Learn gerunds list phrases with free interactive flashcards. Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. Before everything else, let us first know what infinitive phrases are. Adjective and adverbs downloadable pdf worksheets for english language learners intermediate level b1 home b1 grammar gerund and infinitive gerund and infintive b1.
A gerund phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund and including any modifiers to that gerund. Simply stated, this is the infinitive form of a verb plus any complements and modifiers. Identify each ing phrase as a gerund phrase or as a participial phrase. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition after. Then on the line before each sentence, identify how the gerund or gerund phrase is used by writing s for subject, p. Gi003 gerund or infinitive fill in the correct form intermediate. Its often used with the verbs to say, to announce, to tell you and to inform you. My job is making reservations for overnight guests at the hotel. Also called an infinitival phrase and a to infinitive phrase, it is a construction made up of the particle to and the base form of a verb, with or without modifiers, complements.
Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sent. The infinitive recognize an infinitive when you see one. Regret with the gerund refers to a previous action. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifiers, objects, and or complements. Inside our huge company, i liked working gerunds the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it. Gerunds can work alone, or they can be banded together with other words to formulate a gerund phrase. His greatest asset, typing two hundred words per minute, has earned him a better position at the company. The good news is that our threepart tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. Occasionally, a word preceding a gerund describes the gerund and will be part of the phrase.